Scientists have just solved an ancient Peruvian mystery from space

Stephan:  Another fascinating door into the human past opens, and reveals once again the Euopean Dark Ages are not the way to see the past. Humans several millennia ago were not stupid, nor primitive, nor unsophisticated. There are a lot of ways to be human. The research discussed in this report will be is published later this year in a paper called Ancient Nasca World: New Insights from Science and Archaeology.

Archaeologists have used high-resolution satellite snapshots to finally piece together a mystery surrounding the ancient people of Peru’s famous Nasca region.

The mystery centres around a series of carefully built, spiralling holes called puquios, burrowed into the ground in the Nasca Desert of southern Peru. These peculiar formations could not be dated using traditional carbon dating techniques, and the Nasca people didn’t leave behind any evidence of when they were first established, so archaeologists have spent centuries trying to figure out their purpose in vain.

Now, Rosa Lasaponarac from the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis in Italy describes how she studied imagery shot from space to plot the distribution of the puquios and how they were related to nearby settlements – settlements that happened to be easier to date.

As BBC Future reports, this provides insight into how this network of tunnels and caves was created in Nasca. It’s now believed that the primary aim of the puquios were to enable communities to survive in an area continually hit by drought: they were essentially a cutting edge hydraulic system used to retrieve water from aquifers underground.

“What is clearly evident today is that the puquio system must have been much more […]

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Poll: Getting facts right key to Americans’ trust in media

Stephan:  A fair and accurate media, a respected Fourth Estate, is essential to the proper functioning of a democracy. People must trust their media. As this report makes clear Americans overwhelmingly do not do so. Do note that what people really care about are accurate facts; which is exactly what SR works to provide.
Television control room Credit: henryehooper.wordpress.com

Television control room
Credit: henryehooper.wordpress.com

WASHINGTON  — Trust in the news media is being eroded by perceptions of inaccuracy and bias, fueled in part by Americans’ skepticism about what they read on social media.

Just 6 percent of people say they have a lot of confidence in the media, putting the news industry about equal to Congress and well below the public’s view of other institutions. In this presidential campaign year, Democrats were more likely to trust the news media than Republicans or independents. (emphasis added)

But trust today also goes beyond the traditional journalistic principles of accuracy, balance and fairness.

Faced with ever-increasing sources of information, Americans also are more likely to rely on news that is up-to-date, concise and cites expert sources or documents, according to a study by the Media Insight Project, a partnership of The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research and […]

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Formal Sex Education Is On The Decline In The U.S.

Stephan:  Once again you can see the result of social policy based not on facts but on dysfunctional sexuality. As a consequence of these policies the U.S. ranks very poorly in the developed world in terms of unwed teenage pregnancy and sexual transmitted diseases. This poor performance is not spread equally across the country, indeed, it is largely the result of policies implemented in only some states and I think it is very important that that be noted. The American poor social outcome is the product of Red value states. SOURCE: http://bit.ly/1T6IGUS Journal of Adolescent Health, online March 29, 2016.

Formal instruction about birth control and other aspects of sexual health in the U.S. is on the decline, according to an analysis of survey data from 2006 to 2013.

“The declines in formal sex education we observed since 2006 are distressing, but unfortunately are part of a longer term retreat from sex education, especially instruction about birth control methods,” said lead study author Laura Duberstein Lindberg of The Guttmacher Institute in New York.

“For example, in 1995 more than four out of five teens were taught about birth control—in the most recent data this is only about half,” she said.

The researchers used interviews taken from nationwide household surveys administered continuously between 2006 and 2010 and between 2011 and 2013, focusing on respondents aged 15 to 19 years. The analysis included responses from about 2,000 teen boys and 1,000 teen girls in each wave of surveys.

The surveys included questions about whether the youth had ever received formal sex educationat school, church, a community center or elsewhere before age 18. Examples of sex educationtopics used in the surveys included how to say no to sex, methods of birth control, sexually transmitted diseases and how to prevent HIV and AIDS. The second wave of surveys […]

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Congressional budgetmakers would hold line on Department of Energy research

Stephan:  The House is in the control of the Republican Party. Here is the policy of a group of people who do not believe in climate change, and the power they have to trash your life. To quote from this report:
House appropriators, meanwhile, took aim at DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) program, which funds applied research aimed at developing clean energy technologies. The Obama administration had requested a 40.1% increase in the EERE budget to $2.9 billion. In contrast, House appropriators would cut EERE spending by 12% to $1.8 billion.

si-budgetScientists supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) likely won’t be happy with Congress’s version of the budget for the agency in fiscal year 2017, which begins 1 October. In February, the Obama administration proposed a 4.2% increase, to $5.572 billion, in the budget of DOE’s basic research wing, the Office of Science—not counting an extra $100 million request dedicated for university research that would not be part of the usual budget process. However, yesterday both the Senate and House of Representatives appropriations subcommittees that oversee DOE released spending plans that would give the Office of Science just a 0.9% increase, to $5.4 billion. Both chambers also rejected the call for the $100 million mandatory spending on university research.

Although that increase may seem like small change, it represents a vote of confidence for the Office of Science, Senator Lamar Alexander (R–TN), chair of the Senate energy and water subcommittee, said at the Senate subcommittee markup yesterday. “The top priority is the Office of Science,” Alexander said. “This is the second year that we’ve been able to increase […]

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Obama’s drone war a ‘recruitment tool’ for Isis, say US air force whistleblowers

Stephan:  Drones certainly have a surveillance and communications role. As I have written on SR and elsewhere the frequent use of them for killing is both immoral, given the number of people who are killed by these strikes, and strategically ill-conceived. Think about it. You are lying in bed asleep when a drone kills everyone in your family and the neighbors on each side. You know it is American. How do you and your surviving neighbors feel about America, and Americans do  you think? Can you imagine a better recruiting tool for terrorism. Don't believe me. Here is what former drone pilots say.
Boys gather near the wreckage of car destroyed by a US drone airstrike targeting suspected al-Qaida militants in Azan, Yemen, in 2013. Photograph: Khaled Abdullah/Reuters

Boys gather near the wreckage of car destroyed by a US drone airstrike targeting suspected al-Qaida militants in Azan, Yemen, in 2013. Photograph: Khaled Abdullah/Reuters

Four former US air force service members, with more than 20 years of experience between them operating military drones, have written an open letter to Barack Obama warning that the program of targeted killings by unmanned aircraft has become a major driving force for Isis and other terrorist groups.

The group of servicemen have issued an impassioned plea to the Obama administration, calling for a rethink of a military tactic that they say has “fueled the feelings of hatred that ignited terrorism and groups like Isis, while also serving as a fundamental recruitment tool similar to Guantánamo Bay”.