You can forgive people who work on U.S. energy policy for being tired this month. They have just sprinted, and sometimes slogged, through an extraordinary year of action and progress at the federal, state and local levels.

“It’s been a big one, for sure,” said Autumn Proudlove, associate director for policy and markets at the N.C. Clean Technology Center at North Carolina State University.

Not just a big one, but maybe the biggest one ever in terms of the number and scope of new laws and rules, she said.

Here are some of the key developments:

The Inflation Reduction Act: President Biden signed this measure in August following more than a year of ups and downs as Democrats tried to coalesce around a proposal that could pass the House and Senate.

The law’s climate and energy provisions include about $370 billion in new spending on an array of tax credits and incentives designed to encourage the development […]